3 types of timber
Wood is a popular building material. The market today offers a lot of varieties of wooden beams. What type is better to give preference? What is the difference? To make a choice, the differences, properties and characteristics of a wooden material are studied.
Types
It is made from a log, which is cut into a rectangular structure. It is divided into three types:
- solid (non-profiled);
- profiled;
- glued.
Each of them differs in the type of building material, price and properties. The cheapest option is the whole one. Made from solid wood. Most often produced in the form of rectangular blocks. The benefits of lumber include: affordable cost, efficiency of construction of houses due to simple processing.
To disadvantages – increased percentage of humidity. Affects the development of the fungus. The structure is susceptible to insect attack and decay. Houses of this type are subject to severe shrinkage, which lasts up to two years.
Profiled is made with recesses and grooves from dried wood. The moisture content is at the minimum level. The basis is coniferous trees. The manufacturing technology is characterized by increased labor intensity compared to the first option.
During construction, it is not necessary to adjust the timber, as the manufacturing accuracy is 99% at the factory. This greatly simplifies the construction work. The benefits include strength and reliability. Disadvantages – the price level is higher.
Spruce timber
Spruce is a common and sought-after lumber. Demand for building materials made from softwood is gaining momentum due to its characteristics.
Spruce timber is an environmentally friendly raw material that does not cause allergies, on the contrary, it is good for health.
Light colored lumber. May be pinkish-yellow. Under the influence of external weather conditions darkens over time. The pattern on the wood is uniform, the knots sit tightly at the base.
Glued laminated timber
The most demanded wooden material. High demand is due to quality and reliability. The production technology consists in connecting several lamellas with glue and drying. The glued boards form a multi-layer strong structure.
Before gluing, the lamellas are carefully sorted and selected. All defects are eliminated, then the bars are profiled and given the required size.
It is divided into several subspecies. The difference is the variety of raw materials. Only coniferous trees are consumed:
- spruce;
- Pine;
- larch;
- cedar.
A popular option is the combined one. It consists of pine and deciduous types of wood.
Advantages of glued laminated timber
- Shape stability
Due to the special properties of solid wood, it retains its shape and does not deform. The resistance to deformation and shrinkage is also affected by the peculiarity of the manufacturing technology: the parameter of the internal stress of the lamellas is preserved. - Shrinkage resistance
During manufacture, the lamellas are subjected to pre-drying. This technology eliminates drying and cracking of lumber during operation. - Low thermal conductivity
Wood in its structure is an excellent heat-retaining material. The fibrous structure does not allow air to escape. Therefore, glued laminated timber is indispensable in the construction of country houses, cottages, baths. - Resistance to external natural factors
Wood as a natural material is subject to various attacks of parasites and the development of harmful bacteria. But in production, special means and antiseptics are used to prevent decay and the development of fungus. - High construction speed. The quality meets all requirements and standards. Manufacturers label building material and package.
Building a house from lumber does not require a heavy foundation. All these indicators make it possible to build private property in the shortest possible time.
Disadvantages of glued laminated timber
- bundle
In case of violation of construction technology, it can be prone to delamination and deformation. These signs will lead to a deterioration in thermal insulation and environmental properties. But such cases are extremely rare, since the production is subject to strict quality control and strict observance of all stages of the technological process. - High price
Wood material production technology is a labor-intensive and difficult process. Therefore, the cost of timber is higher than that of solid wood.
Beam for frame house
Production is carried out on high-precision equipment, so the finished product does not have any deviations. This advantage makes it possible to quickly and without special skills to build a house on the land. There is also no need to customize accessories.
Modern projects of wooden houses are diverse. It is possible to build a project you like due to the versatility of lumber. Thus, you can create a home based on your personal wishes and architectural designs.
The advantage of houses made of glued lumber is the possibility of the absence of interior decoration. The internal walls are covered with a layer of varnish for protection, which emphasizes naturalness.
Comparison of types of timber
Environmental friendliness
Glued is made from natural material, and frame construction involves the use of plywood panels. This indicates the addition of chemicals that are harmful and dangerous to human health. In matters of ecology, timber occupies the first place. For a frame house, this is a significant minus.
Natural ventilation and heat saving
The percentage of thermal conductivity for frame and glued lumber is almost equal. But the frame structure does not hold heat well, so the room will have to be heated much more often. In housing made of glued laminated timber, heat will be retained and energy saving costs will be reduced significantly.
Strength characteristics
Definitely, the frame is inferior to the structure of the timber. By itself, the glued material is strong and durable. And additional processing at the plant makes it invulnerable to external natural factors.
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